- Connecting To A Database Swift Macos Appropriate
- Connecting To A Database Swift Macos Applications
- Connecting To A Database Swift Macos Apps
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This article was originally written back in the end of 2015. The source code is deprecated and not compatible with current Swift versions, so I removed it.
If you want to learn how to make a network connection between your devices using Bonjour discovery service you are on the right place. In this post I am going to show you the basics, so for example you will be able to make a remote controller from your watch or iOS device in order to send data directly to any tvOS or macOS machines.
Multi-platform development
If you want to create an app that supports multiple platforms, you might want to target macOS, iOS, watchOS, tvOS and soon Linux as well. The code snippet below is going to help you detecting the current platform that you are working with.
Connecting To A Database Swift Macos Appropriate
Network connection 101
Bonjour discovery service
Bonjour, also known as zero-configuration networking, enables automatic discovery of devices and services on a local network using industry standard IP protocols.
So basically with Bonjour you can find network devices on your local network. This comes very handy if you are trying to figure out the list of devices that are connected to your LAN. Using NetService class will help you to detect all the devices with the available services that they support. The whole Bonjour API is relatively small and well-written. From the aspect of server side you just have to create the NetService object, and listen to the incoming connections through the NetServiceDelegate.
https://clevergive248.weebly.com/blog/best-mac-app-to-clean-computer. You have to be on the same WiFi network with all devices / simulators.
TCP connection
TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets (bytes) between applications running on hosts communicating by an IP network.
With the help of TCP you can build up a reliable network connection. There is a Stream class in Foundation to help you sending data back and forth between devices. If you have a working connection form NetServiceDelegate, just listen to the stream events to handle incoming data through the StreamDelegate. I don't want to go into the details, just download the example code and check it out for yourself.
UDP connection
With UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
If you look at the article about UDP you'll clearly see that the main difference from TCP is that this protocol will not guarantee you safety of the data delivery. Data may arrives unordered or duplicated, it's your task to handle these scenarios, but the UDP is fast. If you want to build a file transfer app you should definitely go with TCP, but for example controlling a real-time action game UDP is just as good enough.
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CocoaAsyncSocket
This library is the absolute winner for me and probably it is the best option for everyone who wants to set up a network connection really quickly, because it requires way less code than implementing delegates. Of course you'll still need the Bonjour layer above the whole thing, but that's just fine to deal with.
If you are using CocoaAsyncSocket you will see that the API is straightforward, only after 5 minutes I could relatively easily figure it out what's going on and I was able to send messages through the network. It supports all the Apple platforms, you can seamlessly integrate it using Carthage or CocoaPods.
CoreBluetooth APIs
I was not really familiar with the CoreBluetooth framework API's, that's the reason why I basically just followed and ported this tutsplus.com code example to Swift 4. Honestly I felt that the API is somehow overcomplicated with all those messy delegate functions. If I have to chose between CoreBluetooth or CocoaAsyncSocket, I'd go with the last one. So yes, obviously I am not a bluetooth expert, but this little project was a good first impression about how things are working inside the CB framework.
WatchConnectivity framework
![Connecting Connecting](/uploads/1/3/4/0/134039944/746672088.png)
If you want to communicate between iOS and watchOS you'll probably use the WatchConnectivity framework, especially the WKSession class. It's really not so complicated, with just a few lines of code you can send messages form the watch to the iPhone. You can read this tutorial, but if you download my final sources for this article, you'll find almost the same thing inside the package.
When you’re putting together a new app, especially if it’s your first exposure to iOS development, it can be a confusing experience. Sometimes you’re starting from scratch, and you have a bunch of options available to you, and you just don’t know which one is right for your app. You may have even been “helped” by a PaaS or IaaS platform that has given you a conventional SQL database instance: great for web apps, but how do I connect this to my iOS app? Do I want to?
There are many different ways to provide a database backend for your app. Here are some recommendations for different situations.
Connecting To A Database Swift Macos Applications
CloudKit
If you have no plans to extend it beyond Apple platforms (with an exception for basic web functionality), you have the convenience of CloudKit. CloudKit is the Apple-provided cloud storage backend for iOS and Mac applications, and it is free to develop with, and free for production use within very generous limits.
The disadvantage of CloudKit is that it is a mostly cloud-only storage framework. There are very limited facilities for dealing with the issues of apps being offline, either due to a lack of data connection or a temporary network failure. If your app requires this kind of functionality, this will mean additional coding in order to support keeping parts of the database offline for use when the network is down, synchronizing edits when it is back up, and resolving conflicts.
HTTP Access using REST Endpoints
If you have an existing database to which you need to connect your app, or if you have a requirement to use a conventional SQL database server, such as MySQL or PostgreSQL, this is going to be your primary choice. These servers do not have SDKs or APIs to access them, so creating REST endpoints to access the database is a common solution. REST happens to fit well with the CRUD (create-read-update-delete) operations common to database records.
Let’s talk about the elephant in the room: this is the most work. You will need to write your own REST endpoints. Thankfully, most languages have frameworks which make building these REST endpoints as easy as possible: Rails or Rack or Sinatra for Ruby, Flask for Python, or Express for node.js. Even Swift has a server-side component, called Vapor, if you want to leverage your Swift knowledge on the backend (with this caveat: it may not be ready for production yet).
The advantage is that it is very likely you would need to do this sort of integration in your app anyway, because accessing many third-party APIs to provide functionality for your app require the same sort of interaction over HTTP REST endpoints. Also, because you have control over your own backend, you will be able to write specialized API calls that can perform complicated operations on your data, which may not be easy (or possible) with other cloud database services. An added bonus to this: with some adaptation, this could be adapted to be a public API for your app.
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Realm
The Realm Platform is an integrated solution for adding a database backend to your iOS app. Via its SDKs for Swift, Objective-C, Java, JavaScript, and .NET, it will support backends for every major platform, if expanding beyond the Apple ecosystem is important. It also handles many of the complexities of dealing with data between the local device and backend database, including synchronization, offline operations, conflict resolution, and real-time updates.
The disadvantage is that it is not free. The database component is open source, but the strength of this solution really is in the full Platform, which starts at a monthly cost for small quotas, and goes up from there. It also is not owned by a major cloud player (Amazon/Google/Microsoft), so there is always the risk that the company will be acquired and the product will be modified or axed.
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Connecting To A Database Swift Macos Apps
Firestore
Cloud Firestore is similar in nature to the Realm Platform, but it organizes the data on the backend as documents which may be organized into collections. This may be more familiar to you if you’ve used something like MongoDB in the past, as opposed to Realm’s relational database model. It provides many of the same features as Realm Platform, so the choice between the two will be heavily motivated by whether your data structures are better suited to the relational model of Realm or the document model of Firestore.
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It has some other minor advantages that Realm does not. It is a Google Cloud service, and the next generation version of their Firebase product, so it will likely be around for a while (although some people might disagree with that assessment!). It also has metered billing, so for development it may be a less expensive choice than Realm.
? Core Data
Let’s talk about Core Data. Core Data still shows up in discussions about connecting apps to databases. The truth is: it’s time to put this framework out to pasture.
In current SDKs, it is only good for setting up local databases. The only native integration to cloud-based storage was iCloud Core Data sync. It has been deprecated, and rightfully so, because it never properly worked. Apple finally gave up on making it work, and produced CloudKit.
The only other way to make it work with remote databases is to use third-party synchronization frameworks, which essentially link your Core Data database to… one of the above solutions. It is extra complexity you just don’t need.
I’ve seen statements to the effect that if databases like Realm were acquired by Apple and integrated into their OSes, they would have no use for Core Data anymore. These days, there are so many better database integrations out there, that Core Data is best left as a historical relic.